Lucknow University PhD Subject Wise Syllabus 2025 & Important Topics for Phd Entrance Exam 2025
In this blog, we are sharing complete details about the Lucknow University PhD Entrance Exam 2025. If you are preparing for the upcoming PhD entrance, understanding the detailed syllabus and Research Methodology is extremely important.
In this article, you will get:
✔ Detailed Subject-Wise Syllabus
✔ Research Methodology Syllabus
✔ Most Important Topics for 2025 Pattern
✔ Preparation Strategy for 2026
PhD Entrance Exam Pattern 2026
The PhD entrance examination generally consists of two papers:
Paper I – Research Methodology (Compulsory for All Candidates)
Paper II – Subject Specific Paper
Research Methodology plays a crucial role in selection and is considered a scoring paper if prepared properly.
| Subject Name | Syllabus Link | Research Syllabus Link | Important Topics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ancient Indian History and Archaeology | Download Now | UNIT I Fundamentals of Research : Its Importance and Scope Identification of Historical Problems Formulation of Hypotheses UNIT II Data collection I—The Use of Libraries, Manuscripts Data collection II—field analysis, photography, laboratory work Use of Archaeological Sources UNIT III Methods of research, with special reference to ancient Indian history—the taking of notes Data processing—analytical and other scientific methods, and co-relations Documentation I—footnotes, endnotes, the use of diacritical marks Documentation II—quotations, citations, bibliographical references The writing of the thesis UNIT IV Introduction to computers Windows Operating System—File management; Menu bar; Tool bar MS Word and MS Power Point Internet operations—Introduction to Internet; its utility in research in history | UNIT I History : Its Meaning and Scope Objectivity in History Major theories of History (a) Cyclical (b) Historical Materialism UNIT II Traditions of Historical Writing I : (a). Ancient Indian Tradition : Histories, Biographies; (b). Graeco-Roman Tradition : Megasthenes, , Ptolemy Traditions of Historical Writing II : (a). Chinese Tradition : Fa-hien, Hiuen Tsang (b). Arab Tradition : Sulaiman, , Alberuni UNIT III Current Debates in Ancient Indian History I : (a). First Urbanization—The Harappan Culture : Origin and Antecedents; Decline and Devolution Current Debates in Ancient Indian History II : (a). Vedic Age : The Aryan Problem (b). The Use of Iron Technology and Second Urbanization UNIT IV (a). The Golden Age in Ancient Indian History : Kushana or Gupta ? (b). The Origin of Republics in Ancient India Current Debates in Ancient Indian History IV : (a). Feudalism in Ancient India (b). Periodization in Indian History |
| Anthropology | Download Now | ; Research Methodology Unit-1 Nature of anthropological research, Quantitative and qualitative aspects in research and their relationship. Triangulation, Problem of subjectivity, objectivity and reflexivity in anthropological research. Unit-2 Research design : concept and types. Formulation of research design including preparation of synopsis. Field work in urban setting. Unit-3 Writing up quantitative and qualitative research, Use of SPSS in anthropological research. Gene frequency estimation, morphological and genetic distance analysis. Unit-4 Fieldwork hazards and tensions, culture shock and rapport establishment, ethics and politics of research, Participatory methodologies – PLA, PRA and focused group discussion. | Download Now |
| Applied Economics | Download Now | Unit- I Concept, Nature and Significance of research in Applied Economics; Types of Research; Research Process. Research Design- Exploratory, Descriptive, Analytical and Experimental Research. Collection, Organisation and Presentation of Data. Measurement and Scaling Techniques. Unit- II Use of Statistical Tools for data analysis; Analysing cross- section, Time Series and Panel data; Use of Excel and Statistical packages like SPSS, E-Views, MINITAB etc. Univariate and Multivariate Analysis; Regression, Cluster and Factor analysis, ANOVA; Testing of Hypothesis, Various Parametric and non- parametric tests; Preparation and presentation of Dissertation. Unit- III Econometric Techniques- Applications of Differential Calculus. Mathematical Tools- Linear Programming, Transportation and Assignment Model, Input-Output Analysis, Games Theory, PERT-CPM. Unit- IV Analysis and Interpretation of Financial Statement and Cost Statement. Financing DecisionConcept, Techniques and Interpretation. | Unit- I Growth, Development and Regional Planning- Sector-wise issues related to Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sectors; Infrastructural Development and its importance. Unit- II Banking and Financial System; Monetary and Fiscal Policies; Financial Sector Reforms and Financial Stability. Unit- III Indian Population Scenario; Human Resource Development including Human Capital Formation; Environment and Sustainable Development; Employment and Labour Issues. Unit- IV India’s Foreign Trade and Trade Policy; Multilateral Trade and Regional Groupings; Foreign Exchange and Currency Movements; International Financial System. Econometric Techniques- Applications of Differential Calculus. Mathematical Tools- Linear Programming, Transportation and Assignment Model, Input-Output Analysis, Games Theory, PERT-CPM. Analysis and Interpretation of Financial Statement and Cost Statement. Financing DecisionConcept, Techniques and Interpretation. |
| Arab Culture | Download Now | DOWNLOAD NOW | NO DATA FOUND |
| Arabic | Download Now | DOWNLOAD NOW | NO DATA FOUND |
| Biochemistry | DOWNLOAD NOW | DOWNLOAD NOW | NO DATA FOUND |
| Botany | Download Now | Research Formulation: Meaning of research in biological sciences; Research methods vs Research methodology; Motivation and objectives of research problem; Formulation of hypothesis and research plan; Types of research: Descriptive vs. Analytical, Applied vs. Fundamental, Quantitative vs. Qualitative, Conceptual vs. Empirical; Criteria of good research; Problem encountered by researchers. Unit-II Literature Survey: Necessity of and importance of review of literature in defining a research problem; Primary and secondary sources of literaturereviews, treatise, monographs, web as a source for searching literature. A brief idea about Government Research Funding Agencies eg. DBT, DST, CSIR, UGC, ICMR, ICAR, Ministry of Earth Science, Ministry of Environment and Forest. Unit-III Presentation and Data processing, analysis, presentation interpretation and their Analysis of Data: applications. Principles of biostatistics and bio-informatics, Computer application: Operating systems, software, molecular modeling using computer. Unit-IV Application of Results Environmental impacts; Ethical issues; Ethical committees; and Ethics: Commercialization; copy right; Royalty: Intellectual property rights and patent law; Trade related aspects of intellectual property rights; Reproduction of published material; Impact factor and citation index; Plagiarisms; Reference citation and acknowledgement; Reproducibility and accountability | Instrumentation: Principles, limitation and applications of various types of microscopes, spectrophotometer and mass spectrophotometer. Unit-II Bioseparation Studies: Qualitative and Quantitative analysis using electrophoresis, chromatography, centrifugation, PCR and Base sequencing. Optional Units-III & IV Specialized topics to be opted by the Candidate according to the chosen research area: Bryology: General characteristics, criteria and classification of Bryophytes; Diversity, Distribution & Conservation of Bryophytes; Importance and uses of Bryophytes; Research Methods in Bryology. or Ecology: Diversity of plants – an ecological perspective; Ecology of aquatic and desert plants; Ecological indicators; Study of vegetation; Techniques used in the ecological studies; Industrial ecology; Quantification of ecological factors; Global ecological imbalance; Ecosystem: types and functions; Advanced ecological studies to save biodiversity; Population Ecology. or Genetics & Plant Breeding: Recent advances in cytogenetical research; Genetic variability – Scope and relevance, creation, exploitation and significant implications; Approaches of enhancement of genetic variation in crop plants; Biotechnological approaches of crop improvement and major achievements. or Microbiology: Bacterial phylogeny on the basis of rRNA gene sequencing; Significance of rhizobacteria in biological control and plant growth promotion; Microbial aspects of recombinant DNA technology; Serological and molecular methods of plant virus identification; Importance of site-directed mutagenesis in plant virus research; Modern methods of plant virus control. or Mycology &Pl. Pathology: Emerging trends in Mycology: Myco-remediation, Mycohydrometallurgy, Myco-biosensors, Coal solubilisation, Mycometabolites; Concept of plant diseases and their management: Disease triangle and diagnosis of abiotic and biotic diseases. Molecular basis of host – pathogen interaction, Management of biotic plant diseases. or Phenomics, Floristics Plant Microtechnique, Collection, documentation and analysis of & Biodiversity: data, International code of Botanical Nomenclature, Tools for assessment of Phytotaxonomic diversity, Microscopy in Pharmacognosy, Role of Herbarium and Botanic Garden in Plant systematic, Biosystematics, Taxonomy of Endemic plants, Medicinal plant diversity and their conservation. or Phycology: Algal biodiversity; Economic Importance of Algae; Algal biotechnology; Algae as oldest eukaryotes for origin of life. or Physiology: Plant nutrition; Ion transport and nutrient use efficiency; Biofortification. Concept of abiotic stresses, types, their effects and tolerance: Drought; Temperature – low and high; Light; Oxidative stress. Physiological effects of plant growth regulators. Carbon sequestration. Secondary metabolism and signal transduction and use of modern techniques in plant physiology and biochemistry. Soil fertility and its management. or Tissue Culture, Biotech & Tissue culture and its applications – techniques, culture media and Genetic Transformation: applications; Genetic transformation – tools, techniques and applications; Secondary metabolites – economic importance, metabolic pathways, upscaling; Seed plants and their evolutionary affinities – role in Agroforestry. |
| Chemistry | Download Now Part 1 Download Part 2 download Part 3 Download Part 4 | Computer Basics and Application Introduction to basic software MS Word, Power Point Excel Introduction to Chemistry related software Gaussian Gaussview ChemDraw Introduction to Databases SciFinder o Impact factor o H-index o X Factor o I Index Scopus Cambridge Structural Database Data Analysis as per IUPAC and Association of Analytical Chemists’(AOAC) protocol: Errors in chemical analysis, Repeatability and reproducibility, classification of errors, determination of accuracy of methods, improving accuracy of analysis, significant figures, mean, mode, median, standard deviation, comparison of results: T-test, F- test and Chisquare test, Rejection of results, presentation of data\ Research Report: Format of the research report, style of writing the report, references and bibliography | Download Now |
| Commerce | Download Now | Unit I: Introduction to Research Methodology: Meaning, Significance and Objectives of Research, Types of Research, Research Process, Meaning of research Problem, Identification and formulation of research problem, Qualitative and Quantitative Research. Unit II: Review of Literature and Research Methodology- Need for reviewing literature, Sources of literature, Literature review procedure, Identification of Research Gap, Research Design – Historical Research Design, Exploratory, Descriptive, Casual and Experimental Research, Criteria of Good Research, Hypotheses DevelopmentTypes, qualities of workable hypotheses, usefulness of hypotheses in business research, Pilot Study. Unit III: Sampling and Data Collection-Sampling Methods (Probability and Non- Probability), Characteristics, Sampling Distribution and Errors, Sample Size. Data Collection Sources (Primary and Secondary), techniques: Observation, Interview, Schedules, and Questionnaire design. Unit IV: Data Analysis and Data preparation: Editing, Coding, and Preliminary arrangement, Univariate and BiVariate, Factor Analysis, Reliability and Validity, Statistical Estimation and Testing: Statistical testing -hypotheses and errors; test of attributes and variables, parametric and non-parametric test, chi square test, z – test, t – test, and f – test, financial models (Altmen model/Ratio analysis), delimitations of research findings, Interpretation of Statistical Results Unit V: Research Proposal Development and Report writing- Research proposal and its elements- Structure and Component of research report, types of report, layout of research report, characteristics of good report, referencing in academic writing, Thesis writing, and Introduction to Research Software. | Unit I: Accounting and Finance- Introduction to accounting, Accounting Standards, IFRS and convergence with Indian Accounting Standards, Accounting for Mergers and Acquisitions,- Green Accounting, Corporate Social Responsibility Accounting, Human Resource Accounting, Forensic Accounting and auditing, Inflation Accounting, Financial Institutions and Services, Financial Markets, Working capital Management, Behavioural Finance and Financial Decision Making: Biases, Emerging Areas of Accounting & Finance, Blockchain Accounting, Digital Accounting and New Financial Instruments. Unit II: Tax Laws- Indian Tax system- Basic concepts of direct tax, Constitutional Provision, Tax Exemption, Rebates and deduction, Role of Information technologies in Taxation, central and state committees for recent tax reforms. Goods and services tax- constitutional provisions, administrative structure of GST, Impact of GST, Critical analysis of GST, GST Mechanism- Rates, Levy, Incidence, Critical analysis of GST on Import and Export, Information technology in GST, Constitutional provision of custom duty, Impact of GST on custom duty, penalties. Direct and Indirect tax reforms in India, projection of tax slab rates for next five years. Unit III: Marketing Management- Concept of Marketing, Market Segmentation, Targeting and positioning, Consumer Behaviour, Customer Relationship management, New product development process, Branding, Advertising and Promotion, Services marketing- Service Gap Models of service quality, Marketing Research, Marketing Information System,Digital Marketing, Email marketing, social media marketing, Emerging Areas of Marketing: Influencer marketing, Astro-turf marketing etc. Unit IV: Human Resource Management- Concept of Human Resource Management, Job Analysis, Human Resource Planning, Recruitment and Selection, Capacity Building – Training and Development, Career Planning and Management Performance Appraisal and Potential Evaluation, Employee Mobility, Compensation and Rewards Management, Emerging Areas of HRM : Competency Management, Attrition Management (Employee Retention), Work Place Diversity Management, Employee Brand Loyalty Management etc., Stress Management, Quality of Work Life, Work Life Balance, Job Satisfaction. Unit V: Entrepreneuship and Business Environment Entrepreneurship- Concept of Entrepreneurship, Social Entrepreneurship, New Venture Creation and Entrepreneurial Growth; Women Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial Development Programmes (EDPs), Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) : Need, Importance, MSMEs v/s Large Enterprises, MUDRA- Atma Nirbhar Bharat, Skill India, Make in India, Digital India, Start up Schemes. Business Environment- Changing Dimensions of Indian and Global Business Environment, Major Financial Institutions-World bank, IMF and WTO |
| Computer Science | Download Now Part 1 part 2 part 3 part 4 | The literature review: Importance of the literature review, Planning aliterature search, Locating relevant literature, Reliability of a source, Note making, Writing a survey and identifyíng the problem. Planning and writing a research proposal: Research projects, Finding a research problem, and Analysis of research ideas. Planning a proposal: Some general considerations, Proposal outline, Presentation and evaluation of proposals, Students’ outline of research work, Major funding agencies Collection and analysis of data: Designing experiments for the purpose of testing research hypotheses, and evaluating the results of those experiments, Analysis of data, Descriptive statistics, Inferential Statistics, some common statistical tests, Monitoring research, Records to be maintained by researchers, hypothesis testing and inferences. Tables and illustrations: Making of a table, Arrangement of data in tables, llustrations, Graphs, and visualization. Information sources: Tools for identifying literature, Types of abstracting publications, Indexing and services, online library, Search engines, Citation Citations indexes, analysis, online searching methods, initiatives for management. knowledge References: How to cite and list correctly, Why citation of source materials is important, Citation and listing system of Common documents, documentation styles, Citation of sources in the text, Examples of writing references, Electronic and on line Sources, Some worked out examples for the prominent styles, Reference management software, Selecting a journal, conference. Scientific writing: References: Use of paragraphs and sentence checking. Abbreviations: Care with numerals, Sl unit rules and style conventions. Titles, Verbs, Tenses, the active or passive voice, ‘articles’, Prepositions, Relative pronouns, Transitional words and phrases, Economy in words, Singular and plural words, Commonly confused words, Choosing correct words and phrases, Punctuation. Preparation of thesis and research papers: Structure of a thesis/research article/ review article, including title, introduction, literature review, methods and materials, referencing. Editing and proofreading, use of abbreviations | NO DATA FOUND |
| Defence Studies | DOWNLOAD NOW | Unit-I Fundamentals of Research: its Importance and Scope. Identification of Problem and Formulation of Hypothesis. Study Area, Surveying outline and Map. Selection of Aims and Objectives. Unit-II Making Method of Synopsis: Statement of problem, Objectives, Hypothesis. Use of Methodology and Source of Reference Bibliography etc. Synopsis Writing, Paper Writing and Thesis Writing. Unit-III Action of Research Method: Preparation, Field Study and Survey, Data Collection. Photography and Tabulation. Evaluation and Measurement for Problem to be Solution. Stages of Research Use of Primary and Secondary sources: – Libraries, Manuscripts, Private & Govt. Records, Govt. Sources, Books, Journals, Report and Consultancy. Taking of Notes, Discussion, Interview, Conference, Seminars, Workshops . Unit-IV Computer Application: Basic operations on WindowsOperating System,Handling Digital and Optical Media Hardware (Printers,Scanners Projectors, Storage Devices etc.),Use Of the MSOffice Package, Basic operations on the Inernet (Serching,Uploading,Downloading,Mailing etc.)Application of computers for Defence Studies. | UNIT I Terrorism: Definition, Meaning and concept. Origin of Terrorism: Causes and factors. UNIT II Major Terrorist Incidents. Major Terrorist Groups UNIT III Terrorism and National Security. Terrorism and Regional Security. UNIT IV Terrorism and International Peace. Terrorism in 21st century with special reference to scientific and technological Development UNIT V International, Regional and National efforts for removal of Terrorism. Role of Peace Institutions for removal of Terrorism |
| Economics | Download Now | UNIT-1 Meaning, Objectives and Significance of Research in Economics, Features of a good research. Types of Research Design- Experimental, Exploratory, Descriptive, Causal,Mixed Method Research Design, Sampling Design and Sampling Procedure. UNIT-II Identification of Research Theme; Review of literature, Objectives of Study, Hypothesis formulation and Methodology, Collection of Data, Descriptive Statistics. UNIT – III Techniques of Research: Quantitative methods – Simple and Multiple Regression, Time Series Analysis, Panel data analysis, Statistical Inference. UNIT-IV Techniques of Research: Qualitative Methods – Use of Dummy Variables; Dummy Regressors, Logit and Probit Analysis, Pilot survey, Case Study Method, Interview method, Focus group discussion, Action Research, Ethnographic Research, Introduction to Content Analysis, Grounded theory, Discourse Analysis. UNIT – V Introduction to Secondary Data Sources of India; Thesis Writing: Chapterisation, Referencing and Bibliography, Application of softwares -SPSS, STATA, Eviews | Unit-1 Micro Theories: Games Theory – Nash Equilibrium – Static Games of Complete Information and Equilibrium under Alternative Approaches. Market Signaling and Asymmetric Information. Lemons Problem – Principal Agent Problem. Macro Theories: Supply Side and Rational Expectations Analysis -Inflation and Unemployment – Monetary and Fiscal Policy Issues, Issues in International Trade and Investment. Unit-II Growth and Development: Poverty, Inequality and unemployment, Recent Contributions to Growth Theories, Sustainable development: Environment, Climate change. Unit- III Economic Issues of Current Importance: Demographic Changes, Sectoral Composition of Indian Economy, Economic Reforms, Fiscal and Monetary Policy, Financial and Banking Sector Reforms. Unit-IV Agrarian crisis, WTO and GATT, MSMEs, New initiatives in Manufacturing Sector, Infrastructural development policies, FTAs of India Unit- V Social sector development, Gender, Migration, Other Social Issues of Current Importance. |
| Education | Download NOW | Unit–I Basic Characteristics of Science and Scientific Method, Positivistic Paradigm, Meaning and Definition of Research and Educational Research, Types of Research, Approaches to Research: Qualitative & Quantitative, Selection & Writing of a Research Problem, Writing Objectives of the Study, Formulation of the Hypotheses, Delimitation of the Study, Conducting and Reporting the Review of Related Literature, Common Errors in Research. Unit–II Sampling: Population and Sample, Need of Sampling, Sampling Unit, Sampling Frame, Sampling Error & Bias, Probability & Non-Probability Sampling Methods and Sample Size. Process of Development of Measurement Tools: Difference between Assessment, Measurement and Evaluation, Characteristics of a Good Tool, Tools of Measurement, Test, Scale, Interview Schedule, Observation Schedule and Questionnaire, Steps of Development of Tools and Standardization. Unit–III Statistics permissible with reference to Levels of Measurement, Parametric and Non-Parametric Tests, Underlying Assumptions and Considerations for deciding appropriateness of Parametric Tests, Hypothesis Testing & Two Tailed Tests, Deciding Level of Significance, and Errors in Hypothesis Testing Type–I and Type–II errors. Unit–IV Preparing a Research Proposal, Deciding Chapters of Research Report, Research Report Writing, Common Errors in Research Report Writing, Presentation of Content, Tables, Graphs and Appendices, Footnotes, References and Bibliography, Research Ethics and Plagiarism. Use of Computer in Research: Preparation of Tables, Graphs and Curves, Searching Related Literature Online, Power Point Preparation, Use of EXCEL and SPSS in Data Analysis, Data Entry, Testing Underlying Assumptions, Running the Tests, Editing and Exporting the Output, Writing Interpretation. | NO DATA FOUND |
| English | Download Now | Research Methods What is research? Objectives and aims of research Formation of Research questions and hypotheses Writing an abstract and a research proposal Methods of research Research methodology and theoretical perspectives Unit-II : The Mechanics of Writing Different types of writing (Academic and Creative) Writing a dissertation Writing reports and Reviews (Books and Film) Practical Criticism (theory and Practice) Prosody and Rhetoric Unit-III Review of Literature Need and significance of reviewing literature Searching relevant literature Evaluating sources Identifying themes and gaps Outlining structure of research study Unit-IV Documentation and Bibliography Formatting a research paper/ chapter, footnotes, endnotes Style sheets (APA, Chicago, Harvard, MLA) Detecting and avoiding plagiarism Quoting, Paraphrasing, Summarizing Unit V : Computer application in Research Accessing digital archives (JSTOR, Project Muse etc.) Software for Reference Management | Unit-I Indian Poetics, Hermeneutics and Translation Studies Bharatamuni: “On Natya and Rasa: Aesthetics of Dramatic Experience”. (From Natyasastra). In G.N. Devy Indian Literary Criticism: Theory and Interpretation. Orient Blackswan, 2014. Lal, Vinay. “Indian Poetics and Western Literary Criticism”. Indian Poetics and Western Thoughts. Edited by M.S.Kushwaha, Agro Publishing House, 1988. Ricoeur, Paul. “Metaphor and the Central Problem of Hermeneutics”. In Hermeneutics and the Human Sciences. Edited and translated by John & Thompson. Cambridge University Press, 1998, pp.-165-181. Bassnett, Susan. “When is a Translation not a Translation”. Constructing Cultures: Essays On Literary Translation Topics in Translation. Edited by Susan Bassnett and Andre Lefevere, Multilingual Matters, 1998. Unit-II : Post-Colonial and Diaspora Studies Fanon, Frantz. Black Skin, White Masks.(General Introduction) Perseus Books Group, 2008. Bhabha, Homi. “The Third Space”. Identity, Community, Culture. Edited by Jonathan Rutherford, Lawrence and Wishart, 1990. Safran, William. “Diasporas in Modern Society: Myths of Homeland and Return”.Diaspora: A Journal for Transnational Studies. Vol.1, No.1, 1991, pp.83-99. Unit-III : Gender Studies 12 hours Butler, Judith. “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory”. Theatre Journal. Vol. 40, No. 4, Dec. 1988, pp. 519-531. Mohanty, Chandra Talpade. “Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses”. On Humanism and the University I: The Discourse of Humanism. Vol. 12, No. 3, Spring-Autumn, 1984, pp. 333-358. Keegan, Cael M. “Transgender Studies or How to Do Things with Trans.” Cambridge Companion to Queer Studies. Pp. 66-78. Unit-IV :Popular Media and Cultural Studies Monaco, James. “The Language of Film: Sings and Syntax”. How to Read Film: The World of Movies, Media & Multimedia. OUP, 2009. Mulvey, Laura. “Visual Pleasures and Narrative Cinema”. Film Manifestos and Global Cinema Cultures. University of California Press, 1975. Hall, Stuart. “Encoding/Decoding”. Media Studies: A Reader. 2000. Chris Barker. “Investigating Problems in Cultural Studies’ from Making Sense of Cultural Studies Central Problems and Critical Debates. Unit-V : Affect Theory, Digital and Medical Humanities 12 hours Rueckert,William. “Literature and Ecology: An Experiment in Ecocriticism”. The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology. Edited by Cheryll Glotfelty and Harold Fromm, University of Georgia Press, 1996. “Affect Studies and Cognitive Approaches to Brook Miller Culture”. Palgrave Handbook of Affect Studies and Textual Criticism. Edited by Donald R. Wehrs, Thomas Blake. 2017. pp. 113-134. Rosenbloom, Paul. “Toward a Conceptual Framework for the Digital Humanities”. Defining Digital Humanities: A Reader. Edited by Melissa Terras, Julianne Nyhan, Edward Vanhoutte Ashgate, 2013. Pp. 219-233. Riegel, Christian, and Katherine M. Robinson. “Introduction: What Does It Mean to Do the Health Humanities in Application?”. Health Humanities in Application. Edited by Christian Riegel and Katherine M. Robinson, Palgrave Macmillan, 2020. |
| Environment Science (Botany) | Download Now | Research Formulation: Meaning of research in biological sciences; Research methods vs Research methodology; motivation and objectives of research problem; Formulation of hypothesis and research plan; Types of research; Descriptive vs. Analytical, Applied vs. Fundamental, Quantitative vs. Qualitative, Conceptual vs. Empirical; Criteria of good research; Problem encountered by researchers. Unit-II Literature Survey: Necessity of and importance of review of literature in defining a research problem; Primary and secondary sources of literaturereviews, treatise, monographs, web as a source for searching literature. A brief idea about Government Research Funding Agencies eg. DBT, DST, CSIR, ICMR, ICAR, Ministry of Earth Science, Ministry of Environment and Forest. Unit-III Presentation and Data processing, analysis, presentation interpretation and their Analysis of Data: applications. Principles of biostatistics and bio-informatics, Computer application: Operating systems, software, molecular modeling using computer. Unit-IV Application of Results Environmental impacts; Ethical issues; Ethical committees; and Ethics: Commercialization; copy right; Royalty: Intellectual property rights and patent law; Trade related aspects of intellectual property rights; Reproduction of published material; Impact factor and citation index; Plagiarisms; Reference citation and acknowledgement; Reproducibility and accountability. | Instrumentation: Principles, limitation and applications of various types of microscopes, spectrophotometer and mass spectrophotometer. Unit-II: Techniques – II Bioseparation Studies: Qualitative and Quantitative analysis using electrophoresis, chromatography, centrifugation, PCR and Base sequencing. Units-III & IV Environmental Science Scope and relevance of Environmental Science, Atmosphere, Lithosphere and Hydrosphere. Conventional and Non Conventional sources of energy. Ecosystem: Types and Functions, Plant Succession and Phytogeography. Forests: Their importance, causes of their depletion and degradation, conservation and their management. Biological diversity: their types, species richness, hot spot of world and India, Rare endangered, vulnerable, threatened and endemic plant species. General concept, definition and kinds of Pollution: Air, Water, Soil, Noise and Radiation Pollution. Chemistry of modern Environmental Problems: Acid rain, Ozone layer depletion, Green house effect (Global Warming), Genetic Engineering and Environmental management. Natural, Accidental and manmade disasters and their effects. Toxicity of common hazardous chemicals in the Environment with special reference to Heavy metal and Pesticide toxicity. Environmental Education: their planning and management for sustainable development. Environment Protection laws in India and their enforcement. |
| Environment Science (Geology) | Download Now | Basics of Research: Definition of research, Objective ·of research, Scientific research, Plagiarism, how to write research papers; Literature review: Need for Reviewing LiteratureWhat to review and for what pw-pose, Literature search, Procedw-e, Sources of literature. Unit-II The Planning Process of Research: Selection of a problem for research, Formulation of the selected problems, Hypothesis formation, Measurement, Research Design/Plan; Computer Application in Research: Introduction to Spreadsheet tools: Using Formulas and functions, Generating charts, graphs; Introduction to Word Processing Tools: features and functions, writing reports; creating presentation in Power Point. Geological Field work: Field techniques for Structural geology, Sedimentology, Palaeontology, Geomorphology, Engineering geology, Igneous and Metamorphic petrology. Unit-IV I ‘ Geological Lab work: Instrumentation techniques in Mineralogy and Petrology; Hands on . Training on Instruments such as AAS, SEM, Petrological, Stereo-zoom microscopes (for micropalaeontological studies), thin-section preparation etc., Introduction to analytical procedures; Concept of satellite data, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Digital Tenain Model (DTM), GIS Processing and map layout preparation using geospatial software. J Unit-V Report Writing: Planning of report writing, Research report format, Documentation, Data Analysis in thesis, Writing of report, Preparation of manuscript for publication of research paper, Citation styles, Bibliography, Writing synopsis and thesis. | Unit-I Craton and mobile belts of India; Himalayan Geology; Marine micropalaeontology; Palaeo-oceanography; Quaternary Climatology; Glacial Studies and their significance; Use of multi proxy parameters for palaeoclimatic studies; Basics of Enviromnental Geology; Research methodologies in Environmental studies. Unit-II Research Approaches in Sedimentology and Quaternary Geology; Methodology and analysis of !he grain size; Wentwo1ih and Krumbein scales; statistical studies of U-Th-Pb age populations from zircons and geological interpretations. Statistical parameters of grain size; Application of grain size for environmental analysis. , Unit-III Partial melting of Earth Interior with the help of REE distributions; Water in Earth’s Interior, Geochemical characterization of Critical Zone/ weathering profiles; Research articles on Igneous Petrology/ Geochemistry, case studies on large volcanic events and their implications to Earth’s long-term climate; Geochemical characterization of Critical Zone/ Weathering profiles. Unit-IV :tvfethodology used for linean1ent analysis with special reference to landslide activities; landslide problems in India; Methodology adopted in geospatial technology; Concept of datum and projections and their application in geosciences; Significance of Discontinuity in landslides; Discussions on major landslides of India and case studies; Monitoring and Preventive Measures in Slope Stability. applications. Age, source characterization and genesis of z1rcons to understand the implication;s for the paleogeographic reconstructionand tectonic evolution of different blocks |
| Fine Arts | DOWNLOAD NOW | DOWNLOAD NOW | NOW DATA FOUND |
| French | DOWNLOAD NOW | Research Methods What is research? Objectives and aims of research Formation of Research questions and hypotheses Writing an abstract and a research proposal Methods of research Research methodology and theoretical perspectives Unit-II : The Mechanics of Writing Different types of writing (Academic and Creative) Writing a dissertation Writing reports and Reviews (Books and Film) Practical Criticism (theory and Practice) Prosody and Rhetoric Unit-III Review of Literature Need and significance of reviewing literature Searching relevant literature Evaluating sources Identifying themes and gaps Outlining structure of research study Unit-IV Documentation and Bibliography Formatting a research paper/ chapter, footnotes, endnotes Style sheets (APA, Chicago, Harvard, MLA) Detecting and avoiding plagiarism Quoting, Paraphrasing, Summarizing Unit V : Computer application in Research Accessing digital archives (JSTOR, Project Muse etc.) Software for Reference Management | Unit-I : Approaches of Literary Analysis a) Stylistics, Discourse Analysis, structuralism and Pragmatic Approach to Literature b) Mythological Criticism and Culture Studies c) Gender Studies Unit-II : Representative Literary Theories a) Psychoanalytic Theory and Reader-Response Theory b) Marxist Literary Theory and New Historicism c) Post-colonial Literary Theory Unit-III : Contemporary Literatures in French a) Introduction to 20th & 21st Century Literature: A Survey b) Albert Camus & Samuel Backett c) Literature in 21st Century Unit-IV : Introduction to World Literature a) Introduction to Contemporary European Francophone and Quebec Literature b) Introduction to Contemporary Indian Ocean and East Asian region Literature c) Introduction to contemporary african and Carrabean francophone Literature Unit V : Introduction to Representative French Critics in French a) Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve b) Roland Barthes |
| Geography | DOWNLOAD NOW | UNIT–0I Approaches and types of Research, Inductive & Deductive, Logical & Scientific thinking, formulation of Models and their Application, systems Approach. UNIT–02 Research Design; What is Research Design? Steps in Research Design, Selection & Identification of the problems, objectives, Hypothesises, Source of data & Data Collection, Methodology, Literature Review & Work Plan for Ph.D. Referencing, bibliography, Appendices, Forms of Research Design; Classical design, Experimental Design (Conceptual frame work) UNIT-03 Computer Application, Application of G.I.S., SPSS and M. S. Office, AUTOCAD, Arial Photography & Remote Sensing. UNIT-04 Statistical Techniques – Philosophical roots of Social Research. Measures of Central Tendency, Measures of dispersion, Correlation & Regression Analysis, UNIT-05 Significance Test-Chi Square Test, Student’s T Test, Nearest Neighbour analysis, Time Series, Index Number, Probability, Interpolation & Extrapolation, Sampling, Gravity & Potential Models | UNIT-01 A critical analysis of fundamental concepts; Concept of Dynamic Equilibrium versus Davis’ and Penck’s concepts; Time, Space and Causality in Geomorphology; Recent Trends in Geomorphology UNIT-02 Climatic Geomorphology; Environmental Geomorphology; Mapping Techniques in Geomorphology; Systems in Geomorphology; Models in Geomorphology UNIT-03 Geomorphology and Economic Deposits; Geomorphology in Ground water studies; Geomorphology in Soil Studies and Mapping; Geomorphology in Engineering Construction; Alluvial Fans and Flood Plains—their morphology, materials and Processes. UNIT-04 Geomorphology and economic deposits; Geomorphology in groundwater studies; Soils and geomorphology. Terrain classification and its applications UNIT-05 Geomorphic hazards and Disaster, mitigation measures, Earthquake Disaster, Flood Disaster, Land sliding, Disaster Desertification. UNIT-01 Population Geography: Density, Growth rate, Demographic features. Settlement Geography: (Rural- types and changing pattern programs, Urban-Types and changing pattern programs and issues, Master Plan, Political Geography. UNIT-02 Agriculture Geography: Agriculture Techniques crop pattern nature of soil, irrigation, Agriculture Development Policies and Programme in India, Land Use Land Cover Changes, Biodiversity. Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security. UNIT-03 Fundamental Concept of Social Geography, Resource Geography, Regional Planning and Development. UNIT-04 Science & Technology; Integrated field of Science & Technology and Geography. Policies of Geography, Accruing benefits for people, Science & Technology Mission & Linkages. UNIT-05 Environmental Security, Problem and Policies, Disaster Management and Climate Change, Techniques of Regional Development and Planning (Rural & Urban). |
| Geology | Download Now | Unit-I Craton and mobile belts of India; Himalayan Geology; Marine micropalaeontology; Palaeo-oceanography; Quaternary Climatology; Glacial Studies and their significance; Use of multi proxy parameters for palaeoclimatic studies; Basics of Enviromnental Geology; Research methodologies in Environmental studies. Unit-II Research Approaches in Sedimentology and Quaternary Geology; Methodology and analysis of !he grain size; Wentwo1ih and Krumbein scales; statistical studies of U-Th-Pb age populations from zircons and geological interpretations. Statistical parameters of grain size; Application of grain size for environmental analysis. , Unit-III Partial melting of Earth Interior with the help of REE distributions; Water in Earth’s Interior, Geochemical characterization of Critical Zone/ weathering profiles; Research articles on Igneous Petrology/ Geochemistry, case studies on large volcanic events and their implications to Earth’s long-term climate; Geochemical characterization of Critical Zone/ Weathering profiles. Unit-IV :tvfethodology used for linean1ent analysis with special reference to landslide activities; landslide problems in India; Methodology adopted in geospatial technology; Concept of datum and projections and their application in geosciences; Significance of Discontinuity in landslides; Discussions on major landslides of India and case studies; Monitoring and Preventive Measures in Slope Stability. applications. Age, source characterization and genesis of z1rcons to understand the implication;s for the paleogeographic reconstructionand tectonic evolution of different blocks | |
| Hindi | DOWNLOAD NOW | इकाई–1 शोध का स्वरूप, शोध का अर्थ, विभिन्न पद्धतियाँ, अनुसंधान, आलोचना, पाठानुसंधान आदि की परिभाषा। शोध की प्रक्रिया, विषय-निर्धारण, निदर्शन, शोध की प्रारंभिक रूपरेखा। इकाई–2 शोध-सामग्री संकलन की विविध प्रणालियाँ – प्रश्नावली, साक्षात्कार, संदर्भ-ग्रंथ, आधार-पत्र आदि का अध्ययन। शोध-कार्य की वैज्ञानिक पद्धति, प्रबंध-निर्माण, अनुक्रमणिका आदि तैयार करना। इकाई–3 शोध-कार्य का आयोजन, अनुसंधान-निर्माण, भूमिका-लेखन, पाठ-टिप्पणी एवं परिशिष्ट-लेखन, संदर्भ सूची, पाठालोचन, उद्धरण एवं प्रमाण, अनुसंधान की विविध विधियाँ एवं उपकरण। इकाई–4 शोध-भाषा का स्वरूप, शोध-भाषा, समीक्षा-भाषा, सृजनात्मक-भाषा में साम्य एवं वैषम्य। शोध-निबंध, आलेख तथा ग्रंथ आदि का उपयोग। अनुसंधान, विवेचन आदि। हिंदी शोध का स्वरूप-विकास, उपलब्धियाँ एवं सीमाएँ, शोधप्रबंध एवं निष्कर्षात्मक शोध। | इकाई–1 भक्तिकाल का स्वरूप, हिंदी साहित्य का आदिकालीन रूप (वीर, शृंगार और लोक साहित्य), भक्ति आंदोलन की विशेषताएँ, विभिन्न धार्मिक मत–संप्रदाय, वैष्णवधर्म, शैवधर्म, सूफीमत। इकाई–2 रीतिकाल का स्वरूप, प्रमुख काव्य-प्रवृत्तियाँ एवं काव्यशास्त्रीय सिद्धांत, प्रमुख कवि एवं काव्य, रीतिकाल का सांस्कृतिक परिप्रेक्ष्य, संत काव्य की विशेषताएँ, समाज और संस्कृति में संत साहित्य का योगदान, हिंदी में रामकाव्य, भक्तिकाव्य का सांस्कृतिक और साहित्यिक अवदान। इकाई–3 आधुनिकता, आधुनिकीकरण, आधुनिक बोध एवं विकास स्वरूप, समाज सुधार आंदोलनों का साहित्य पर प्रभाव – प्रेमचंद, जयशंकर प्रसाद और अन्य लेखक। हिंदी नवजागरण – भारतेंदु, महावीर प्रसाद द्विवेदी, राष्ट्रीय जागरण तथा समाज सुधार आंदोलन, साहित्यिक पत्रकारिता। इकाई–4 आधुनिक हिंदी काव्यधाराएँ – छायावाद, प्रगतिवाद, प्रयोगवाद, नई कविता, नई कहानी, दलित साहित्य, स्त्री विमर्श, आंचलिकता, सामाजिक यथार्थ और समकालीन साहित्य, साहित्य का समाजशास्त्र, साहित्य में विमर्शवाद, साहित्य का सांस्कृतिक अध्ययन। |
| Home Science | Download NOW | Unit-1 Social Research: Concept, Nature, Scope, Types of Researches in Home Science. Formulation and Selection of the Research Problems Participatory Research Unit-2 Hypothesis: Concept, Types & Significance Research Design: Concept, Types and significance. Sampling: Concept, Types and Significance Unit-3 Sources of Data Collection: Primary and Secondary, Field and Documentary. Tools of Data Collection: Interview guide, Interview schedule, observation and questionnaire. Methods of data Collection: Interview, Questionnaire, Observation, Case Study and Projective techniques. Unit-4 Measurement and Scaling Processing of Data Unit-5 Analysis and Interpretation of Data Report Writing | NO DATA FOUND |
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| Law | Download Now | Unit-I: Research Basic Definition, Purpose, evaluation, historical, survey, exploratory and case. Research and its Strategies, Legal research, Research design Unit-II: Types of Research Various Types of research: Doctrinal and Non-Doctrinal, Applied, fundamental; Library research, field research and laboratory research, analytical, descriptive, conceptual; Participatory and Non–Participatory; Comparative, historical, statistical, critical, socio-legal; Mono disciplinary and trans disciplinary; inter-disciplinary (multi- disciplinary) research; Quantitative and qualitative, Deductive and Inductive Methods. Unit-III: Structuring Research Design Formulation of the Research problem, Hypothesis, Literature Review. Library, Field, Laboratory, Systematic review of literature in Laws M S Office, word, excel and power point Unit-IV: Tools of Research Tools and Techniques for Collection of Data: Observation, Questionnaire, Interview, Case study, sampling procedures. Processing and Analysis of data, Testing of Hypothesis | Unit -1 Emerging trends and latest case studies in Criminal Laws Unit-II Emerging trends and latest case studies in Family Laws Unit-III Emerging trends and latest case studies in Commercial Law & IPR/Labour Jurisprudence Unit-IV Emerging trends and latest case studies in ADR Unit-V Emerging Trends and latest case studies in Constitutional Laws |
| Library & Information Science | Download Now | Unit-1 Understanding Research and identifyingResearch Problem: Review of Literature: Accessing literature through Journals, Reviews, Abstracts, Encyclopedia and Proceedings, and Bibliographic and Full Text Databases Designing research Research Methods with special reference to Library and Information Science Unit-2 Sampling Techniques Data Collection Tools: interview, observation questionnaire, projective techniques etc. Measurement and Scaling Techniques 6 Unit- 3 Data Collation & Tabulation, Summarization and Presentation Basic statistics: an understanding of the process. Measures of Central tendency: concepts, types and applications (including mean, median, mode, mean deviation, standard deviation, normal distribution, Skewness, and Kurtosis) Correlation, regression, and multiple regression Unit- 4 Bibliometrics Informetrics Scienometrics Webometrics Altmetric Unit-5 Academic writing: Concept and types A process approach for writing a research paper Developing a thesis; Guidelines for writing a thesis Style manuals and citation method | Unit-1 Tools of information technology The use of information technology and new trends in LIS research Infographics Ethnography Narrative analysis Podcasting Data visualization Artificial Intelligence Unit-2 From bibliography to databases A systematic approach to searching database Developing Search Strategy Use of Boolean Operators in search queries Federated Search Systems Unit-3 Spreadsheet Electronic Resources for Research Use of Refwork; Mendle; Grammarly Content analysis Unit-4 Digital Library support for scholarly research Major Digital Libraries of the world Scholarly communication and Institutional Repository Open Access Initiatives Library Consortium Unit-5 Content will be added at the beginning of the programme |
| Management Studies (MBA) | DOWNLOAD NOW | Unit J: Introduction to ResearchMethodology Overview, Literature Review Strategies on synthesis of literature review ldentification of Resarch Gap -Designing-the-research instrument Formulating research question & hypothesis including mixed methods, Research design and seléctionof methodology Preparing a research instrument Unit ll: Data Collection Unit ill: Data Collection Methods.for both qualitative and quantitative research design, Sampling techniques and sample size determination Data Analysis Qualitative data analysis process and tools, Quantitative data analysis process and tools, Univariate data analysis, trivariate data analysis tools and multivariate analysis tools Unit IV: Quantitative Analysis Open Access Software like Nvivo etc., Interpretation of results, Quantitative Data Analysis on Open Access Interpretation of results | Emerging Trends in Organizational Behaviour Research Innovative approaches to studying leadership, motivation, and team dynamics The role of Technology and remote work in Organizational behaviour Emerging Trends in HRM Research Innovative approaches to studying Human Resource Management: Functions and Practices Use ‘of TechnoloEy in Strategic HRM & sUstainable HRM Emerging trends in Financial Research Innovative approaches to studying Funding, Financial Services and Fintech Innovations in Financial Derivatives and Financial Management Time Series Analysis and Forecasting Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management New Directions in Strategy Research Books: Start-up methodology and new customer development process Crowdsourcing and innovations in new venture creation Introduction to Innovations in Research. Digital Transformation in Research .Overviewof innovations in research methodologies Challenges and opportunities in mana ement research Innovations in research design and data collection THEORY Impact of digital UNIT=: Digital.tools,and methodologies (e.g., big data analytics, machine learning Emerging Trends in Market Research Future directions in innovative management reseàrch Innovative approaches to studying consumer behaviour, marketing communications and product dynanics Role of technology and Internt in Marketing research projects UNIT -I| Emerging Trends in International Business Research Innovative approaçhes to studying international product dynamics international marketing, global entry methods and Cross Cultural and Cross Border dynamics, new approaches in Export Management |
| Mathematics | DOWNLOAD NOW Part 1 part 2 | esearch Formulation and Design Motivation and objectives – Research methods vs. Methodology. Steps of research, Types of research – Descriptive vs. Analytical, Applied vs. Fundamental, Quantitative vs. Qualitative, Conceptual vs. Empirical, concept of applied and basic research process, criteria of good research. Defining and formulating the research problem, selecting the problem, necessity of defining the problem, importance of literature review in defining a problem, literature reviewprimary and secondary sources, reviews, monograph, patents, research databases, web as a source, searching the web. Unit – II Data measurement and Data Analysis Measurement: Concept of measurement; Problems in measurement in research – Validity and Reliability; Levels of measurement – Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio; Observation and collection of data, methods of data collection, sampling methods – sampling frame, sample, characteristics of good sample, simple random sampling, purposive sampling, convenience sampling, snowball sampling, classification and tabulation of data, graphical representation of data, graphs and charts – Histograms, frequency polygon and frequency curves, bell shaped curve and its properties. Statistical Methods for Data Analysis: Applications of Statistics in Research, measures of central tendency and dispersion, Hypothesis, Basic Concepts Concerning Testing the Hypotheses, Test Statistic and Critical region, critical value and Decision Rule. Unit – III Soft Computing Computer and its role in research, some mathematical software like MATLAB, R etc. and their application in research. Software for paper formatting like LaTeX/MS Office. Unit – IV Writing Skills Writing skills and presentations in scientific seminars; oral and poster presentations; writing a survey article, research paper, Ph. D. thesis, dissertation; correcting galley proofs ; writing comments and preparing summary / abstract of a manuscript. Unit – V Research Report Research report and its structure / layout, Different Steps in Writing Report; journal and conference articles – Components of journal article; Journal matrices and its indexing; impact factor etc.; components of thesis and dissertations; Referencing styles and bibliography; ITC tools for research. | Unit-I: Analysis Dirichlet series and their convergence, relative order and types, regularity of function , asymptotic behavior, functions of finite-order, the mean value formula and half plane. Generalized hypergeometric functions and their convergence, associated Laguerre polynomial L_n^(\alpha)(x) and their properties, Jacobi polynomials and ultra spherical polynomials. Unit- II: Associative and Lie Algebras Basic concepts, definition and construction of associative and Lie algebras, algebras of Linear transformations, derivations of associative and Lie algebras, determination of Lie algebras of low dimensions, ideals and quotient algebras of Lie algebras, simple Lie algebra, homomorphisms and isomorphism theorems, automorphisms of Lie algebras. Representations and modules of associative and Lie algebras, split extension of Lie algebras, holomorph and direct product of Lie algebras, solvable and nilpotent and Lie algebras. Unit- III: Almost Contact Manifolds Introduction of almost contact metric manifolds, Sasakian manifolds, Kenmotsu manifolds, trans-Sasakian manifolds, 3-diamensional \neta- Einstein trans-Sasakian manifolds, (K,\mu) Contact and K-Contact manifolds, Some Curvature and other properties of above manifolds and their submanifolds. Unit- IV: Almost Complex Manifolds and Semi-Riemannian Geometry Introduction of almost complex manifolds, Kahler manifolds, nearly Kahler manifolds and almost Kahler manifolds and their submanifolds. Curvature and other properties of above manifolds. Semi-Euclidean space, Semi-Riemannian metric, Lorentzian metric, Semi-Riemannian manifolds, Lightlike manifolds and some other semi-Riemannian manifolds like LP-Sasakian and LP-Kenmotsu manifolds, Curvature tensor, Ricci tensor and other properties of above manifolds and their sub manifolds. Unit- V: Approximation Theory Types of approximation, Weierstrass theorem of Approximation theory, Jackson Theorems, Lagrange Interpolation, Hermite Interpolation, Hermite Fejer Interpolation, Lacunary Interpolation, (0,2) Interpolation on the finite interval, the unit circle, the infinite interval and their convergence, Spline theory, and Quadrature formulas. Unit – I: Basic concepts in fluid mechanics: Continuum Hypothesis, Equation of Continuity, Stress, Rate of strain, Newtonian and nonNewtonian fluids, Constitutive equations, Navier-Stokes equations of motion, Boundary conditions in fluid mechanics, Dynamical similarity and dimensionless numbers and their significance in the fluid dynamics, Stokes flow, Concept of the boundary layer theory, Micropolar fluids and Nano fluids. Unit – II: Fluid flow through Porous Media Mechanics of fluid flow through porous medium: Porosity and permeability of porous medium, seepage velocity, Darcy’s law, Brinkman’s equation, effective viscosity, Darcy’s Forchhiemer’s equation, Boussinesq approximation. Conditions on fluid porous interface. Unit – III: Operations Research Brief overview of Linear programming, transportation and assignment problems. Inventory Management – types of inventory, inventory control, Relevant inventory costs, factors affecting inventory control, economic order quantity., inventory modeling, types of inventory models. Unit- IV: Discrete mathematics Mathematical Logic vs. Automatic theorem proving, Lattice theory and theorems, Boolean algebra and logic circuits related to real life models, Graph theory: Various models like coloring graphs, connectivity, networks and related algorithms, Languages and automata theory: Language recognizers and problem solving models using Automata and Turing Machine, Algorithms and Analysis. Unit- IV: Analytical Number Theory Riemann zeta function and approach to the prime number theorem, Dirichlet series, arithmetic function, Dirichlet characters, Dirichlet L – series, prime number theorem in arithmetic progression, zeros of zeta function in the critical strip, Euler’s summation formula, some elementary asymptotic formulas. |
| Medieval and Modern History | Download Now | UNIT I Formulation of Hypothesis Primary Sources- Original sources, Documents, Correspondence, Diaries Secondary Sources- Journals, Books, Encyclopedias, Survey articles UNIT II Importance of Archives in History Field work Techniques Review of Published Research in the relevant field UNIT III Research Design & Methodology: Quantitative Qualitative Mixed Method Research Experimental & case study Research UNIT IV Computer Application: Revelant websites related to historical Research Ethics in Research: Plagarism | Oral History and Memory Studies: Methodology of oral history: Techniques, ethics, and challenges. Memory studies in the Indian context : Case studies. UNIT II Interdisciplinary Approaches: Incorporating perspectives from sociology, anthropology, political science and Economic history. Cultural studies and history: Art, literature, and cinema as historical sources. UNIT III Postcolonial Studies: Overview of subaltern studies: Key theorists and concepts. Postcolonial theory and its impact on historiography. UNIT IV Gender and Environmental History: Feminist historiography and gender studies in the Indian context. Environmental Movement in India. Public History and Heritage Management: Role of historians in museums, archives, and heritage sites |
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| Philosophy | Download Now | Unit-I Research Methodology A. Types, Methods and Techniques, Research Design Types, Philosophical World View (Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed approach), First Order and Second order Inquiry Unit-II Research Methodology: Western A. Traditional Methods of Research Pre-Socratic, Socratic Dialogue, Cartesian Method of Doubt, Kantian Transcendental Method B. Contemporary Methods of Research Dialectic Method of Hegel & Marx, Husserlian Epoche, Ayer’s Verification Theory, Popper’s Falsification Theory Unit-III Research Methodology: Indian A. Methods in Indian Philosophy Traka,Vaad, Jalpa, Vitanda, Chhal, Jati, Nigrahasthan B. Indian Traditional Texts Mangalacharan, Anubandh Chatustaya, Uddesha, Laksana, Pariksa C. Contemporary Indian Texts Comparative, Analytical, Hermeneutical Method Unit-IV Computer Application Open Sources, Electronic Library System, Online Tool for Research, E-Content: Guidelines and creation, Peer Reviewed, Scholarly journal, Refereed Journal, Impact factor, Q-Index, H-Index, Target journal, Online Submission, Copy Right Transfer, Meta Data, Institutional Repository, 6 Scopus Index, ISSN, ISBN, Research Gate, UGC Care List, Internet Archive, J-Store, Shodh Ganga, Inflibnet, Google Scholar, Citation Index, Dissertation Abstracts International, Online Data Base: Manupatra, ProQuest, Ulrichsweb, E-Books and E-Journals | Unit –I (a) Philosophical analysis & Problem of meaning (b) Realism, Idealism, Existentialism and Phenomenology (c) Problem of Knowledge: Rationalism, Empiricism and Criticism (d) Indian theories of Consciousness Unit –II (a) Conception of virtue ethics, normative , Meta ethics and applied ethics (b) Environmental Ethics , Professnal ethics & Business Ethics (c) Theories of truth: Correspondence, coherence & pragmatic UNIT- III (a) Justice: Rawls , Nozick , Amartya Sen and Ambedkar. (b) Secularism and Religious Tolerance. (c) Identity and Recognition (d) Multiculturalism , Feminism , Pluralism UNIT- IV (a) Karantavada (b) Pramanyavada (c) Satkaryavada (d) Shabdibodh |
| Physical Education | Download Now | Paper II: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Unit 1 Meaning of research, need, importance and its scope. Critical review of different research, designs, understanding in sports sciences. Design and implementation of Research resources and library data bases. Critical understanding and appreciation of the philosophical, ethical issues, coping weight, responsibilities of scholars which underpin research and how this affect research design, formulation and testing of hypothesis. Location& formation of Research problem. Interview, questionnaire, case study method, Research proposal, Historical & Experimental Research, presentation, literature reviews and questions. Sampling- Probability and non-probability Data collection techniques Unit 2 Properties of normal curve, skewness Kurtosis. Meaning and Definition of statistics, its use in physical education and sports research. What is Normal Curve, definition and principles of normal curve. Unit 3 Development of Normative scales : Z scale, T scale, Sigma scale and Hull scale. Unit 4 Define the standard deviation, use and importance. Type 1st and 2nd errors, one tailed and two tailed tests, T Test, Chi-Square, and Regression. Correlation- Meaning of Correlation product moment method, rank difference method, Data analysis: ANOVA (including repcated measure ANOVA), ANCOVA. Internet- Google Scholar, Plagiarism. Unit 5 Introduction to Operating System-Need & function. CREDIT-05 Popular opcrating system for PC introduction to dos- internal command, external command. Introduction of M-S Office- the office manager slharing information, sharing information vwith Microsoft office, the clipboar, editing linked information. Component of Microsoft office – word, excel, power-point, word processing with word:-word basic, undo, redo, repeat, insert text, replace text, formatting text, coping rom one word document to other, printing, auto formation, auto correct. | Artificial intelligence (AI) Introduction, Meaning, need & importance. Implications of AI in Physical Education & Sports Research. Deep take- Introduction, Meaning & its innovative use in Physical Education & Sports Research. Critical analysis of application of sports psychology in the ficld of Physical Education & Sports Research Unit-II Exercise physiology: Introduction, meaning, need & importance & modern trends of research in exercise Physiology. Role of exercise physiology in Physical Education & Sports Physical Education beyond medicinc- introduction, Exercise therapy as a means of medicine & research innovation Exercise as a means of medicine with special reference to rehabilitation of injury, hypo- kinetic / life style diseases & diseases related to old age. Unit-III Sports training : Introduction, need & importance Innovative mcans & methods of development of components of Physical Fitness required in concern- games & sports Critical analysis of modern trends of high performance in sports vision India 2047. Modern research innovation in the field of drugs & its impact on sports world. CREDIT-05 Unit-IV Sports Biomechanics : Introduction need, importance in Physical Education Research Modern biomechanical tools & techniquc for sports performance measurement and analysis of sports performance. Critical analysis of modern trends of Biomechanics in Physical Education & Sports. REFRENCES Test, measurcment and evaluation Introduction need, importance – in Physical Education & Sports Research. UNIT-V Sports managcment * Introduction need, importancc in physical education & sports research. Modem Trends in Physical Education & sports Management Critical Analysis of reccnt research in the field of Physical Education & sports. National and International collaborations with premise institutions in the field of Physical Education & Sports Research. |
| Physics | Download Now | UNIT I General: Definition of research, qualities of researcher, components of research problem, Various steps in scientific research: hypotheses, research purposes, research design, literature survey. Structure and components of research report, types of report – Research papers, thesis, research project reports, pictures and graphs, citation styles, ethics in research. Review of published research in relevant field and presentation. UNIT II Theoretical Techniques: Technological methods and surveys used in testing general relativity and mapping the large-scale structure of the universe. Foundations of quantum chemistry, fundamentals of electronic structure theory, various quantum chemistry software. Introduction to Linux operating system: Elementary programming in C++. UNIT III Experimental Techniques: (Part I)-Structural Characterization and Imaging Techniques: Basic principles and elementary ideas of X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron and neutron diffraction, photoelectron spectroscopy (PES), atomic resolution electron microscopy, scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy (STM, AFM) techniques, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), profilometry. UNIT IV Experimental Techniques: (Part-II)-Optical Characterization and Spectroscopic Techniques: Fundamentals of infrared, Raman and ultraviolet / visible (UV/Vis) absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, laser-based non-linear techniques. Plasmon resonance. Vacuum techniques (HV and UHV), monochromators and spectrographs, CCD and ICCD detectors. UNIT V Graphical representation of equations.Introduction to simulation tools in High Energy Physics. Error Analysis-Types of errors: Statistical and systematic errors, determining the precision, rejection of measurements, calibration and accuracy. | Nanomaterials and nanotechnology, sensors/actuators/transducers; humidity and gas sensing; ceramics/metal oxides for humidity and gas sensing: Issues of hysteresis, reproducibility and aging in metal oxides; adsorption: physisorption, chemisorption, Grotthuss chain reaction. Gas sensor for detecting environmental pollution.Fabrication techniques of chemical and bio- chemical sensors. Fundamentals of fiber optics,optical and fiber optic sensors and optoelectronic devices, materials and their applications such as semiconductors. UNIT II Glass and ceramics. Synthesis of materials – Bulk, film, crystal, solution etc. Introduction to chalcogenides. Liquid crystal, electro-optical parameters related with displays. Introduction to low temperature physics – production and measurement, quantum Hall effect, electrical conductivity measurement (four probe method). UNIT III Applications of vibrational spectroscopy (infrared, Raman and terahertz spectroscopy) and quantum chemistry to materials research. Applications of X-ray diffraction (XRD) for structural studies, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) for surface morphology, LIBS. UNIT IV Dielectric relaxation: Theory and application, superconductors, acoustics and their application including materials characterization, polymer experimental details. Basics of circuit and measurement systems including transducers and control systems, Instrumentation electronic measurement and process control. Molecular interactions in biologically important systems through physicochemical techniques, rheological and dielectric characterization. UNIT V Fibre Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Solar Physics, Non-renewable Energy Plasmas in nature and laboratory, definition of plasma and brief history of plasma physics, plasma parameters, Debye shielding, quasi neutrality, collisions, instabilities and magnetic properties of plasma. Interaction of electromagnetic waves with cold plasma, dispersion relation, phase and group velocity. Nonlinear laser-plasma interaction and its applications. UNIT II (12 Lectures) Phonons, surface optical-plasmons, surface polaritons interaction, magneto-plasmons, band attenuation properties of polar semi-conductor surfaces, filtering properties of curved surface of crystals. Space weather and space climate: solar wind, coronal mass ejections, solar flares etc.; geomagnetic storms, sub-storms, auroras, sun-earth interactions; atmospheric layers – ionosphere and magnetosphere in particular, Generation and propagation of ELF/VLF waves. UNIT III (12 Lectures) Quantum theoretical methods, concepts of atomic and molecular orbitals, Slater orbitals, Gaussian orbitals, basis sets, semi-empirical molecular orbital methods, Hartree-Fock theory, post Hartree-Fock methods, density functional theory, geometry optimization, charge density distribution in molecules, dipole moment, molecular electrostatic potential and calculation of vibrational wavenumbers. UNIT IV (12 Lectures) Friedmann models, dark matter and dark energy, modified and emergent gravity, cosmic microwave background radiation. Strings basics: a brief Introduction, nonrelativistic strings, relativistic strings. UNIT V Introduction to neutrino physics and neutrino oscillation physics. Particle detection(with magnetic field) and study of energy and angular resolution of detector: Reconstruction of energy of charged particles passing through the detector, HEP. |
| Political Science | Download NOW | Unit I Hypothesis- meaning, kinds and sources. Characteristics of a good hypothesis. Characteristics of Scientific methods. Unit II Values- Its role in history of Political Science. Variables- meaning and kinds. Interview- process and important considerations. Questionnaire and structure of mailed questionnaire. Comparison between interview and questionnaire relative advantages and disadvantages. Unit III Introduction to various research processes (Only salient features) (a) Observation and qualitative method. (b) Case study- process, merits and demerits. (c) Sampling. Elementary statistics- frequency distribution, central tendency (Mean, median and mode). Comparison (ratio and proportion) Qualitative and Quantitative methods of research. Unit IV Comparison between qualitative and quantitative methods of research, through representative books-case studies Use of Library and Report Writing Unit V M S Office, word, excel and power point Use of internet Sending Email Meaningful interactions through social networking and other channels Various use of computer in research work Database and Research Metrics – Indexing Databases, Citation Databases: Web of Science, Scopus, etc. Impact factor of Journal as per Journal Citation Report, SNIP, SJR, IPP, Cite Score. Metrics: H-index, G index, I10 index, altimetri | Unit I Diverse approaches to the study of Political Theory, Major debates on Political Theory Emerging trends and Research avenues in contemporary political theory Emerging Problems and Challenges Unit II Approaches to the study of International Relations Problems in International Relations Contemporary challenges and recent developments in International Relations International Relations and India Unit III Approaches to Comparative Politics Role of Social Media in Politics Comparative Study of Political and Party Systems Comparative study of Governance and Policy Making Unit IV Features and Sources of Ancient Indian Political Thought Various Streams of Modern Indian Political Thought Unit V Main approaches of State Politics in India Nature of Indian Politics, Federalism and Regionalism Trends and issues in the politics of U.P. Recent discourse in Indian Politics |
| Psychology | Download Now | UNIT-I: Basic Research Issues Biological. Principles of Research Types of Research Experimental, Descriptive Co-relational & Principle, Research Designs Formulation and Variables, Review of Literature, Research Design MAXMINCON and Testing of Hypothesis, NHST Selection of a Scientific Method: Hypothetico, Inductive and Deductive Method. Submitting Study for Ethical evaluation, Ethical issues in Psychological research. UNIT-II: Data Collection and Sampling Selection of a Suitable Measures: Psychometric, Adaptation Non Metric And Projective. of Tests, Construction of Scales, Issues and Concerns. leghasing eacen 2.3.24 d Ahel 1024 Selection of a Suitable Sampling Technique: Rationale Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria. UNIT-III: Quantitative Research Analysis of Data: Quantitative-Univariate, Bivariate and Multivariate Analysis: Effect Size and Meta-Analysis Understanding Relationships: Correlations, Multiple Corrclation, Step wise UND Moderated Regression and Subgroup Analysis Factor Analysis: Explaining Variance – Generation Identification and Classification of factoes, Rotation and factor naming. Unit IV: Qualitative Research Nature and types of Qualitative research, Use of Qualitative research in Psychology Discourse Analysis and Focus Groups Narrative Analysis and Grounded Theory Unit V: Computer Application for Research & Report Writing Data Analysis With SPSS: Descriptive and Inferential | UNIT I: Creating Well-being with Positive Psychology Happiness: Construal, Hedonism & Eudemonia, Causes, factors and Assessment Exploring the belief system in cultural framework, erosion of values Creating well-being with Yoga and Meditation UNIT II: Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Stress: Three Faces, Sources and coping HPA axis and lifestyle disease-Obesity, Anger, Addictions, Sedentary lifestyle Stress and Immune system: Life threatening illnesses -Cancer,HIV/AIDS, Cardiovascular disease, Pain management UNIT III: Human Resource Management Human Resources: Concept, skills and enhancing factors Personal and Organizational Goals, Growth and Incentives Effective Manager, Undoing the Blockages, Communication and negotiation Unit IV: Counseling for Healthy Living Counseling as a helping profession, counseling process, ethical issues, mind skills, communication skills and people handling skills Counseling in diverse population: Schools and colleges, Skill Building Study skills Dealing with problems of children and adolescents. Socially Excluded Groups: Marginalized, Destitute, Orphans, Delinquents, Criminals. PWD’s (Person with Disabilities) UNIT V: Recent Trends in Psychology Gendér: Gender, Sexuality, Dealing with Issues related to LGBT Environmental Health Indicators and attitude towards environment. Neuropsychology: Paradigm shift in Neurology, Adults and Geriatric Neurological Problems, Management. |
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| Sanskrit | download Now | प्रथमांशः – अनुसन्धान स्वरूपम्, परिभाषा, प्रयोजनम् । अनुसन्धानेनैतिकम् (नैतिक-व्यवहार-क्रियाकलापः) द्वितीयांशः – शोधप्रक्रिया – शोधस्य प्रकाराः (गुणात्मक, मात्रात्मक अनुसन्धानम्), शोधोपकरणानि । तृतीयांशः – शोधविषयविनियोजनम् । शोधप्रस्तावना, चरण परिचयः । प्रस्तावनां संरचना तथा प्रकाराः । समस्या चयन सीमांकनम् । चतुर्थांशः – सम्बन्धसाहित्यस्य संक्षेपः, सन्दर्भसूची, सन्दर्भपद्धतिः, उद्धरणानि, सामाग्रीसंग्रहणं विश्लेषणम् । शोधप्रबन्धः, शोधप्रबन्धस्य स्वरूपम्, प्रारूपम् । पञ्चमांशः – शोधप्रबन्धः, शोध लेखनप्रणालिः, सूचनाप्रौद्योगिकी । | प्रथम वर्षः – वैदिकसाहित्ये चानुसन्धानस्य मूलतत्त्वानि । द्वितीय वर्षः – संस्कृतसाहित्ये काव्यशास्त्रं च नवोन्मेषानुसन्धानदृष्टयः । तृतीय वर्षः – दर्शनेषु नवोन्मेषानुसन्धानदृष्टयः, व्यापकता क्षेत्राणि च । चतुर्थ वर्षः – पालिभाषासाहित्ये चानुसन्धानस्य व्यापकता क्षेत्राणि च । पञ्चम वर्षः – आधुनिकसंस्कृतसाहित्ये अनुसन्धानस्य उपपत्तयः, क्षेत्राणि च । |
| Social Work | Download Now | Unit I 1.1 1.2 1.3 : : : Understanding Research Meaning of Research and Scientific Research: Meaning of Social Research and Social Work Research. Formulation of Problem and preparing of Social Research Proposal. Inductive and Deductive Logic; Positivism and Objectivity; Epistemology; Ethno-methodology; Pragmatism and Mixed Method Unit II 2.1 2.2 2.3 : : : Design of Research and Hypothesis Typologies: Case Study, Ethnography, Narrative Research, Phenomenology, Grounded Theory, Action Research. Review of Literature: Meaning, Stages and Presentation: Variable; Formulation and Testing of Hypothesis. Research Design: Meaning, Types and Significance Unit III 3.1 3.2 3.3 : : : Sampling Design and Data Collection Sampling Design: Meaning, Types Determination, Error and Limitations. Methods and Tools of Quantitative Data Collection: Surveys, Interviews, Questionnaire. Methods and Tools of Quantitative Data Collection: Case Study, FGD, Document Analysis, Triangulation, Participatory Research. Unit IV 4.1 4.2 4.3 : : : Data Analysis and Ethics Quantitative Data Analysis: Use of Statistics and Computer – MS Office, Latex and SPSS. Qualitative Data Analysis: Strategies and Use of Computer – ATLAS.ti and NVivo. Software Ethics: Concept, Meaning, Definitions; Legal and ethical issues for research software Unit V 5.1 5.2 5.3 : : : Tools & Technique : PRA, RRA, PLA. Pilot Study. Baseline Survey. | Social Work Theories: System Theory, Social Learning Theory, Psychoanalytical Theory, Psychosocial Development Theory. Unit II : Social Work Practice Models: Problem solving Model, Task Centered Practice, Behavioral Modification Theories, Crises Intervention, Integrated Approach to Social Work. Unit III : Recent Trends in Social Work: Mental Health & Psychiatric Social Work, Agricultural Social Work, Green Social Work, Palliative Care & Social Work, Corporate Social Work. Unit IV : Emerging Areas of Social Work: Emerging area of Social Work Practice: School Social Work; Corporate Social Work; CSR and Industrial Social Work. Pandemic Crisis; Development-oriented Social work, Social Justice and Human Rights; Immigration; Criminal Justice; Environmental Justice; Online practice and technology. Unit V : : Resettlement and Rehabilitation: People living with HIV/AIDS, Leprosy; Tuberculosis (TB); Displaced population by Development or natural Disaster; Disabled Population; Juvenile Delinquents; War Victims. Diversity and Inclusion: Immigrant and Indigenous Populations; Sexual Minorities (LGBTIQ); Privileges, Oppression, Diversity and Social Justice; Developing Culturally Sensitive Social Work Practice. |
| Sociology | Download Now | Unit I (25 Hours) Meaning and function of Epistemology, Epistemology, positivism and post positivism, hermeneutics, social constructivism, Methodological Individualism vs Methodological holism, Critical Rationalism, Subjectivity vs Objectivity. The Problem of Constructing Social Reality, Beyond Positivism, Phenomenology and Ethnomethodology: Critical Social Science Methodology, Grounded Theory, Feminist Methodology and Post-Modern Methodology. UNIT II (25 Hours) Meaning, Types and Significance of Research – Research Methods , Research Process – Research Problem – Research Questions – Research Design and Types, Stages for a Research Proposal / Synopsis, Methods of Data Collection –Secondary & Primary – Quantitative & Qualitative, Methodological Triangulation, Ethnography, Types of Sampling: Probability and Non-Probability, Sampling, size and determination, Steps of Sample Design – Characteristics of a Good Sample Design. UNIT III (15 Hours) Processing of Data – Measurement and Scaling Techniques, Analysis of Data: Mean, Median, Mode, Mean Deviation, Standard Deviation, Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion, Relationship Analysis: Correlation, Regression, Data Interpretation, Testing of Hypotheses: Parametric and Non-Parametric UNIT IV (10 Hours) Computer in Research – Internet- Websites – e-Resources – e-Journals, Data Processing Software: Excel, Graphs, SPSS, Scopus & Google Scholar Citations – h-Index, i10 Index – Research Gate Score, Report Writing –Research Paper Writing– Review of a Research Article / Paper /Book. UNIT V Field Work, Pilot Study and Training, Field Diary Writing, Field Report, Field Experience, Presentation | UNIT I (15 Hours) Agency, Structure, Critical Theory, Feminist Theory, Phenomenology. UNIT II (15 Hours) Structuralism & Post-Structuralism, Modernism and Post-Modernism. UNIT IV (15 Hours) Approaches to the study of Indian Society: Indological, Structural- functional, Marxian, Subaltern and Civilizational. UNIT V (15 Hours) Movement Studies, Dalit Studies, Tribal Studies, Population Studies, Family and Health Studies, Rural and Urban Studies, Environment Studies. UNIT V (15 Hours) Migration and Diaspora Studies, Media and Culture Studies, Globalization and Gender Studies, Development Studies, Religion Studies, Labor Studies. |
| Statistics | Download Now | Introduction to Research: Introduction and need of the research, types of the researches, steps involved in a research, Selection of Topic for Research-Research schedules, research hypothesis, difference between research hypothesis and statistical hypothesis. Literature Review: Need of literature review, types of literature review (Narrative review and systematic review), Use of literature review in Designing a Research Work, Mode of Literature Survey-Books and Monographs, Journals, Conference Proceedings, Abstracting and Indexing Journals, E-Journals/Books and CD-ROMs-Reports etc, important journal database JSTOR, Science direct, PubMed, Directory of Open Access Journals, Oxford Academic, Google scholar for literature review. Unit II Research Design: Introduction to research design, features of a good research design, different types of research designs. Data Collection: Primary and Secondary data, Methods for collecting the primary data: observation method, Interview method, schedule method, questionnaire method, difference between schedule and questionnaire. Construction of a Questionnaire: Importance of the questionnaire, assumptions for the development of questionnaire, types of the questions, important feature of the questionnaire to be considered for its construction, sequence of the questions, language, bias, length, measures for the difficulty and discrimination power of the questions. Reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Rating scales and their constructions, Modern approaches for data collection. Unit III Data collection techniques for primary data: Census and sample survey, overview different sampling techniques used for data collection, Sample size determination and its importance for the research, pilot survey. Different sources for the collection of secondary data. Introduction to Simulation Techniques. Unit IV Report writing, referencing for the text quoted, some special format for referencing (APA style, IEEE Style, Vancouver style, Oxford style, ACS style, Elsevier style). Thesis Writing – Computer Application in Scientific Research – www. Searching Scientific Articles – Statistical Data Base, History of Statistics, Statistical Heritage of India. Unit V Scientific word processing with LaTeX: Installation of the LaTeX, basic syntax, writing equations, matrix, tables. Page layout: different paper sizes, packages, formats the page by setting margins, customizing header and footer, changing the page orientation, dividing the document into multiple columns. Document writing: Titles, abstract, chapters, sections, subsections, references, equation references, citation, table of contents, figure’s handling. Formatting Content: formatting text (styles, size, alignment), adding colors to text and entire page, and adding bullets and numbered items. | General estimation methods using auxiliary information under equal and unequal probability sampling and related estimators of population parameters. Horvitz-Thompson estimator and its new applications. IPPS schemes and its new applications. Non sampling errors and its new applications. Randomized Response techniques and its new applications. UNIT II: BIOSTATISTICS AND DEMOGRAPHY Epidemic models and Markov illness death model. Parametric and non-parametric methods of comparing survival distributions, the Frailty Concept, Various Frailty Models, Analysis of Survival Data in Shared Frailty Models. Multilevel and multifrailty models. Count data modelling and quantile regression modelling for Biomedical research. Searching for systematic reviews, Meta-Analysis and introduction to Cochrane library. Application of Stochastic processes in estimation of fertility and migration. Probability model for estimation of fecundability based on the data given for the time of first conception. Probability model for single origin multiple destination migraion. Projection of mortality rate from life expectancy daten at birth using machine learning What is Bayesian lnference? Irequentist versus Bayesian Methods. The Mechanics of Bayesian Inference. Bayesian Prediction. Inference about Functions of Parameters. Multiparameter Problems. Flat Priors, Improper Priors, and “Noninformative” Priors, Conjugate Priors. Bayesian Hypothesis Testing. Model Comparison and Bayesian Information Criterion. Calculating the Posterior Distribution. Theoretical Aspects of Bayesian Inference: Bayesian Decision Theory, Large Sample Properties of Bayes Procedures. Examples of Bayesian Inference: Bayesian Linear Models, Hierarchical Models. Simulation Methods for Bayesian Computation, Basic Monte Carlo Integration. Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC); Random-Walk-Metropolis-Hastings, Independence-Metropolis-Hastings, Gibbs Sampling. Examples Where Bayesian Inference and Frequentist Inference Disagree. Freedman’s Theorem. |
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| Zoology | Download Now | Unit-I Literature: Survey and Resources, abstracts, periodicals, INSDOC services, search engines Computer awareness: drafting, editing, graphical, statistical and presentation Data search and retrieval: bibliography, biological databases Unit-II Basics of Research Types of study (Conventional, Experimental, Survey, Case) Review of Literature Rationale, Hypothesis, Objective Selection of model and experiment designing Unit-III Writing skills Types of research articles: Reviews, Research papers, Case reports Dissertation, Thesis, Project reports Journals, Citation, Referencing patterns Research/Project Proposals Overview of funding agencies Unit-IV Types of data: Categorical, ordinal, interval and ratio Collection of data: Different sampling methods Presentation of data: Summarization, measures of central tendency and dispersion, graphical representation Unit-V Relation between variables: Correlation and regression Inferential and descriptive statistics: Concept and application Parametric and non-parametric tests: Concept & Application Tests of Significance: t-test, chi square test, Z-test and F-test ANOVA: one way and two way | • Good Laboratory Practices • Basic Laboratory Methods: Water Purification System Electronic Balance Autoclave Laminar Flow pH Meter Preparation of Reagents, Chemicals & Buffers Instruments and Techniques – I – 15 Homogenizers & Centrifuges Microtomy, Cryocut Lyophilizers PCR / Thermocycler In situ Hybridization Immunohistochemistry Instruments and Techniques – II – 15 Blood Analyser ELISA Chromatography: HPLC, GCMS Trans-illuminator & Gel Documentation System Colorimeter & Spectrophotometer, AAS Microscopy and Image Analysis Introduction to Research Techniques, Methodology and Recent Advances – 15 Helminthology Fish Biology Toxicology Environmental Biology and Wildlife Animal Behaviour Public Health Introduction to Research Techniques, Methodology and Recent Advances – 15 Entomology Chronobiology Molecular Biology & Genetics Endocrinology Biodiversity Biomusicology |
Note:
This syllabus has been designed based on student observations. This is not an official syllabus.
